These include encephalitis triggered by herpes simplex virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus, West Nile virus (WNV), or enterovirus (TLR3, UNC93B1, TBK1, TICAM1, IRF3, IFNAR1, and auto-Ab-IFN) (20, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38); influenza pneumonia (TLR3, IRF7, STAT2, and auto-Ab-IFN) (15, 39, 40, 41); adverse reactions to live-attenuated viral vaccines (IFNAR1, IFNAR2, STAT2, and auto-Ab-IFN) (18, 19, 20, 42, 43, 44); and Middle East respiratory syndrome pneumonia (auto-Ab-IFN) (45). This evidence concerns the gene IFNAR1 and encephalitis.