ALB and nutritional deficiency disease: reported that preoperative malnutrition, assessed via serum albumin levels and body mass index (BMI), was correlated with poor short-term outcomes in pancreatic head cancer patients who underwent radical pancreatoduodenectomy (PD), with a significantly greater major complication rate in the malnutrition group (36.7% vs. 21.8%, P = 0.032).