TNF and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: These effects might be ascribed to a more rapid conversion of calcifediol to the active form of vitamin D compared to cholecalciferol, as well as to calcifediol’s ability to reduce meta-inflammation, that is the low-grade metabolic inflammation status and the chronic inflammatory response in obesity deriving from adipose tissue increased macrophage accumulation and release of adipokines, cytokines and chemokines, e.g., leptin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukins, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1) (29).