CHST11 and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma: For example, high CHST11 protein expression is an independent poor prognostic factor in ovarian cancer (51); in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), recent studies linked high CHST11 to clinical stage, immune microenvironment features, and poor survival, and in vitro experiments showed it promotes tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion (52).