STAT3 and cancer: Other phytoconstituents like asperuloside, asperulosidic acid, deacetylasperulosidic acid, eugenol, rutin, and morindone target MAPK6 and MDM2 pathways, suppressing tumor growth and promoting p53-mediated apoptosis in colorectal and liver cancers (100, 101).Collectively, Morinda citrifolia exerts anti-cancer effects via modulation of multiple apoptotic and inflammatory pathways including VEGF/EGFR/NF-κB, AKT1, MAPK, JAK2/STAT3/STAT5A, contributing to reduced tumor growth and angiogenesis (102).