IL10 and ulcerative colitis: It is widely expressed in cardiomyocytes, epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells (7), acting as a double-edged regulator: in acute injury models, it protects tissues by regulating IL-10 production or stabilizing circadian proteins (82–84) but in chronic conditions like ulcerative colitis, its deletion ameliorates inflammation, suggesting context-dependent roles (85, 86).