IL-10 can inhibit the antigen-presenting function of dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages by reducing the expression of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) molecules and co-stimulatory molecules; it suppresses type 1 helper T cell (Th1)-type immune responses by decreasing the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ and TNF-α; at the same time, it promotes the differentiation and longevity of Treg cells, reducing the effectiveness of effector T cells in eliminating tumor cells (23). Here, TNF is linked to neoplasm.