A systematic review was conducted to examine the relationship between attention and academic performance in individuals with Down syndrome (DS), Fragile X syndrome (FXS), Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1), Klinefelter syndrome (KS), Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS), Turner syndrome (TS), and Williams syndrome (WS). This evidence concerns the gene NF1 and Klinefelter syndrome.