For instance, the cytokine TGF-β suppresses the expression of Eomesodermin in cytotoxic T cells in a mouse model.39 Furthermore, the treatment of mice with TGF-β ameliorates clinical symptoms of the EAE.40 However, a phase-1 trial of TGF-β2 in a small number of SPMS patients did not show an effect on EDSS or lesions in MRI but was associated with reversible nephrotoxicity.41 Here, TGFB2 is linked to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis.