BRAF and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Interestingly, mutual exclusivity was also observed between oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes; for example, EGFR was mutually exclusive with STK11 and KEAP1, and BRAF was mutually exclusive with TP53. As co-mutations have been reported to affect immunotherapy outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer, these findings could shed light on individualized treatment strategies for LUAD.41,42