To understand the immune microenvironment of tumors, we used CIBERSORTx, a deconvolution algorithm, to infer the components of the tumor microenvironment using expression signatures of specific cells.32 We found that tumors with higher expression of SPP1 had a more inhibitory immune microenvironment, characterized by fewer infiltrating CD8+ cytotoxic cells and more regulatory T cells (Tregs, Fig. 6h). Here, SPP1 is linked to neoplasm.