This mutation hotspot was also detected in our previous study, where it was present in 4 out of 98 (2.0%) pre-invasive adenocarcinoma patients.22 To assess the driving potential of this mutation, we performed in vitro and in vivo experiments and found that ATII organoids overexpressing MAP2K1ΔE102−I103 significantly outgrew ATII organoids overexpressing WT MAP2K1 and those in the control group. The gene discussed is MAP2K1; the disease is adenocarcinoma.