Cell-bound exopolysaccharides of specific Lactobacillus strains, as well as the secondary metabolite prodigiosin isolated from Serratia marcescens, were found to provoke apoptosis in carcinoma cells by activation of the Beclin-1 and GRP78 signaling axis, affecting the apoptosis-associated Bcl-2 and Bak regulation [41, 42]. Here, BECN1 is linked to carcinoma.