TNF and bronchopulmonary dysplasia: qRT-PCR of lung tissue corroborated these findings: BPD mice exhibited elevated mRNA expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-4, and IL-10, whereas GSDMD−/− mice displayed a reciprocal shift—down-regulation of pro-inflammatory transcripts and sustained up-regulation of anti-inflammatory IL-4 and IL-10 (Fig. 3D and Supplementary Fig. S1B).