GSTM1 and chronic kidney disease: The clinical trials demonstrated that the ESA increased hemoglobin, but the higher Hb target was associated with thromboembolic events and higher risks of cardiovascular outcomes, either for dialysis-dependent or non-dialysis-dependent CKD subjects [8,23,24], and the patients with ESA hyporesponsiveness were associated with higher incidences of mortality or cardiovascular events [25].