These investigations will focus on generating exosomes with altered expression of target molecules to identify upstream effectors (such as mRNAs, noncoding RNAs, miRNAs, and proteins) within BMSCs-Exos that activate the NRF2/HO1 signaling, thereby further elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective role of BMSCs-Exos in vitiligo. This evidence concerns the gene HMOX1 and vitiligo.