Leptin, a proinflammatory adipokine, stimulates the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) from macrophages in adipose tissue, thereby promoting low-grade inflammation.(17) High leptin levels are thought to be linked to oxidative stress and PCOS.(18) Another adipokine, omentin, is produced by visceral stromal vascular cells and is encoded by two genes (1 and 2). The gene discussed is ITLN1; the disease is polycystic ovary syndrome.