TNF and Hypertension: In the training set, age, hypertension, serum C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), serum albumin, prealbumin, lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), and homocysteine (Hcy) were identified as influencing risk factors (all p < 0.05), and a nomogram prediction model was constructed.