AKT1 and cancer: CCL2 secreted by TAMs can activate the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, increase the expression of β-catenin and bind to TCF/LEF transcription factors, resulting in the down-regulation of epithelial markers E-cadherin and up-regulation of interstitial markers such as N-cadherin and Vimentin, which endow cancer cells with the ability of migration and invasion (190).