Spatial transcriptomics further revealed that iCAFs preferentially localize near vasculature, secreting chemokines (e.g., CXCL12, IL-6) to form chemotactic “fences” that hinder effector T cell infiltration, while myCAFs cluster around tumor nests, producing ECM components that reinforce fibrotic encapsulation and restrict drug diffusion (128). This evidence concerns the gene CXCL12 and neoplasm.