ALB and sarcopenia: Each model finally incorporated 3–6 predictors, which were further analyzed and summarized into the following 4 categories: patient body-related factors include age, comorbid diabetes mellitus, tumor size and so on; surgery-related factors include length of surgery, combined organ resection, length of retention of drains and so on; nutritional status-related factors include serum albumin (ALB), sarcopenia, subcutaneous fat content and so on; laboratory-related indicators include calcitoninogen, systemic immunoinflammatory index, body mass index and so on.