CD8A and neoplasm: Combining R.E with ananti-PD-1 antibody (aPD-1) is expected to reduce the inhibition, reinvigorateexhausted CD8+ T cells, and enhance the therapeutic efficacy.The combination of the MN-guided localized delivery of R.E to theTME and TDLN with aPD-1 achieved synergistic effects, significantlyimproving tumor control, reducing metastasis, and overcoming resistanceto ICIs, further supporting the potential of this approach in modulatingthe anticancer immunity in the TME–TDLN axis, thereby enhancingcheckpoint blockade efficacy and overcome resistance.