Second, some important renal function outcomes such as urinary albumin level, incidence of chronic kidney disease (CHD) were not analyzed in this meta-analysis due to a lack of available data, Third, this study was restricted to adult patients, as the dosage and sensitivity of NE and AVP in children are different from those in adults, and inclusion of pediatric population could have introduced significant heterogeneity. Here, ALB is linked to chronic kidney disease.