NEFL and dementia: When adding the plasma biomarkers to the demographics-only model (separate models per marker), high baseline GFAP (HR 1.89, 95%CI: 1.47–2.43; model C-index 0.69 (0.63–0.76)) and high baseline pTau181 (HR 1.45 (1.19–1.77); model C-index 0.66 (0.59–0.74)) were associated with incident dementia, whereas NfL and Aβ42/40 were not (Fig. 1, Table 2).