Butyrate, propionate, and acetate suppress HDAC and activate GPR41/43 receptors to promote Foxp3+ regulatory T-cell differentiation, inhibit NF-κB-mediated inflammation, and strengthen CD8+ T-cell cytotoxicity, collectively restraining CRC progression [14, 87, 91, 98]. The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is colorectal carcinoma.