Using ultrasensitive single-molecule arrays, we assessed levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neurofilament light chain (NfL), ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1), and total tau (t-tau) in urine and blood samples from hospitalized patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) within 96 h after symptom onset. Here, NEFL is linked to intracerebral hemorrhage.