GFAP and chronic kidney disease: Namely, chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been consistently associated with higher levels of amyloid-β (42 and 40),7,8 phosphorylated tau (p-tau181)9,11 and total tau (t-tau)7-9 proteins, neurofilament light chain (NfL),7-9 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)9 in blood.