APOBEC3A and urinary bladder carcinoma: Further evidence of APOBEC3 damage to the genome comes from the suggestion of double-base substitution (DBS) signature of CC>TT and TG>CA mutations similar to COSMIC “DBS11,” which has previously been associated with APOBEC3A/B mutagenesis in cancers (19), including nearly half the bladder cancer samples tested in one study (28); however, the induction of CC>TT changes was not statistically significant at 21 dpi due to the low mutation count (fig.