Previous literatures have demonstrated in patient-derived cells from individuals with C9orf72 mutation associated ALS/FTD, knockdown of the human ortholog of Spt4 transcriptional elongation factor SUPT4H1 significantly reduced the formation of RNA foci and suppressed the expression of repeat-associated non-AUG (RAN) translation proteins [14]. Here, RAN is linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.