Future clinical studies are necessary to explore predictive biomarkers of efficacy and toxicity, such as the expression and activation levels of tumour RIPK1 (e.g., detected by p-RIPK1 immunohistochemistry), immune infiltration characteristics (e.g., CD8+ T cell density, immune exclusion phenotype), and specific genomic signatures (e.g., NF-κB pathway activation, specific oncogenic mutations). Here, RIPK1 is linked to neoplasm.