TNF and infectious otitis media: For example, Ganoderma lucidum spore polysaccharide (SGP) was able to ameliorate AOM and DSS-induced male AOM and DSS-induced male by decreasing the concentration of TNF-α, up-regulating the expression of genes such as Il10, Cytl1, Igkv7-33, Ighv1-14, Igfbp6, Foxd3, and altering the metabolic pathways of intestinal microorganisms in the host epithelial cells.