Furthermore, Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP) inhibited colonic inflammation and tumorigenesis by modulating gut microbiota and immune cell function in AOM/DSS-induced C57BL/6 mice, as evidenced by increased production of SCFAs, attenuation of endotoxemia, down-regulation of IL-1β, iNOS, and COX-2 expression, and inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced inflammatory markers and MAPK activation (131). Here, IL1B is linked to serum lipopolysaccharide activity.