VEGFA and hepatocellular carcinoma: Malignant tumors including ovarian cancer (OC), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are known to have tumor vascularization that is connected to over- stimulation of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signaling, either alone or in conjunction with VEGFA (Levitzki, 2004).