In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), mutations in the Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) gene are among the most frequent genetic alterations, particularly in smokers, and are associated with aggressive tumor phenotypes and resistance to targeted therapies (Pylayeva-Gupta et al., 2011; Westover et al., 2016). The gene discussed is KRAS; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.