ADCYAP1 and Sepsis: Indeed, PACAP-KO mice show blunted corticosterone responses to acute and chronic psychogenic stressors (e.g., restraint, social defeat, open field) but normal responses to physiological challenges (e.g., sepsis, hypoglycemia, pain, cold, ether) [9, 33], highlighting the selective role of PACAP in central nervous system-mediated stress regulation.