Increased quantities of FR may result in damage of biomolecules, leading to severe pathological diseases such as atherosclerosis, cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular, and chronic inflammation.10 To inactivate the excess ROS, biological systems contain endogenous antioxidant mechanisms, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase, as well as non-enzymatic compounds like bilirubin and albumin. The gene discussed is CAT; the disease is diabetes mellitus.