CD274 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Among these factors, trials including RATIONALLE-315 (22), AEGEAN (23), CheckMate-77T (13), and CheckMate-816 (2) demonstrate superior pathological response benefits in squamous NSCLC patients; higher PD-L1 expression correlates with improved outcomes (24); Stage III patients show enhanced response to neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy (2, 13); smoking history associates with immunotherapy benefit (25, 26); and males derive greater immunotherapy benefit than females (27).