AFP(RRID:NSRRC_0028) levels below 100 ng/mL or above 1 million ng/mL indicate a high risk for adverse HB (RRID: MGI:5784899) outcomes (21, 22) In our study, serum AFP (RRID:NSRRC_0028) levels ranged from 1.92 to 60500 ng/ml. Here, AFP is linked to hemoglobin measurement.