Factors like patient age, tumor size, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) status, treatment choices can all impact the prognosis of GSRC (Li et al., 2022; Boot et al., 2025; Efared et al., 2020; Huang et al., 2024; Xie et al., 2022; Liu et al., 2023). This evidence concerns the gene EGFR and neoplasm.