Conversely, Zdhhc3 overexpression causes severe dilated cardiomyopathy that is associated with an increase in palmitoylated Rac1 levels [22], suggesting that both enhancing or disrupting Rac1 palmitoylation at cysteine-178 can have detrimental effects on cardiac adaptation and remodeling. Here, ZDHHC3 is linked to dilated cardiomyopathy.