The foundation of the multi-cancer risk stratification test (MCaST), test is a 4-marker protein panel consisting of ProSFTPB, CEA, CA125, and CYFRA-21 which has been extensively validated for risk of lung cancer and which has been expanded to include six additional markers to encompass, in addition to lung cancer, prostate, colorectal, breast, ovarian, pancreatic, liver, esophageal, and stomach cancers. Here, CEACAM5 is linked to lung cancer.