Notably, while type I IFNs play a major role in antiviral defense, hSpO infection with PV, EV-D68, or EV-A71 did not lead to strong increases of any of the type I (IFN-α2), type II (IFN-γ), or type III interferons (IFN-λ2) assayed. This evidence concerns the gene IFNG and infection.