In AKI animal models, exosomal miR-668 reduces the membrane localization of glucose transporters GLUT1 and GLUT3 by inhibiting the expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) in the hippocampus, leading to insufficient energy supply for neurons and impaired synaptic plasticity (Li S. et al., 2022). This evidence concerns the gene IGF1R and acute kidney injury.