Diabetes increased kidney expression of genes associated with injury (Kim1, ten-fold), senescence (Cdkn1a, Cdkn2a, 10 to 18-fold) and fibrosis (Tgfb1, Ctgf, Pai1, Timp1, Col1α1, Col4α1 and Fn1, two- to six-fold) (Table 1). This evidence concerns the gene CDKN1A and diabetes mellitus.