For example, activation of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) suppresses microglial hyperactivation, thereby reducing the release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β), which mitigates neuroinflammatory damage to dopaminergic neurons in PD. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and Parkinson disease.