Pathway enrichment analysis of these mutated genes revealed several oncogenic signaling pathways, including p53 regulation, Ras protein signal transduction, and cellular senescence, as well as tumor immunity pathways related to T-cell differentiation and the regulation of protein localization to the nucleus, with most of which were enriched in hallmark cancer pathways, including p53, RAS-MAPK, and retinoblastoma signaling (Fig. 3A and B). This evidence concerns the gene TP53 and cancer.