TFRC and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Evidence from mice and humans, including our analysis of human transcriptome data, consistently indicates iron overload in the adipose tissue of obese individuals.36–39 Recent research by Zhang et al. further demonstrated that a HFD induces iron overload in adipocytes and that adipocyte-specific TFR1 knockout or FPN overexpression can reduce the iron content in adipocytes, thereby alleviating obesity and metabolic disorders in HFD-fed mice.36 However, the underlying mechanisms of HFD-induced iron overload in adipocytes remain to be fully elucidated.