They found that alternatively activated (M2-like) interstitial macrophages mediated viral clearance via activation of CD8 + T cells on day 7 p.i. In our SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection model, we also observed an M2-like phenotype among interstitial macrophages and monocytes including high expression of Arg1, Chil3, and Ccl24 (Fig 6), similar to the phenotype from the helminth model. This evidence concerns the gene ARG1 and infection.