This aligns with prior reports that insulin can stimulate aromatase activity in human endometrial stroma [12] and that aromatase expression in rat growth plates increases with sexual maturation [21], but extends these findings to link metabolic (insulin) and endocrine (estrogen) pathways in obesity-related bone maturation. The gene discussed is CYP19A1; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.