Fragmented mitochondria trigger mitophagy through BNIP3L in CSCs with glycolytic phenotypes, while adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation induces mitochondrial fission 1 (FIS1)-mediated mitophagy in leukemia stem cells (LSCs) to increase ROS levels and promote cell proliferation 55, 56. This evidence concerns the gene FIS1 and leukemia.