Immunofluorescence staining further confirmed that the PTBP1 is significantly increased in astrocytes following ischemic stroke, evidenced by the enhanced colocalization of PTBP1 with the astrocyte marker GFAP in the peri-infarct region in PT (Figure 2C-D) and tMCAO stroke model (Figure S1C-D). The gene discussed is PTBP1; the disease is ischemic stroke.