Diabetes worsens periodontitis via ↑ inflammatory response, impaired bone metabolism, oxidative stress, and AGE–RAGE signaling [79,80,91,141]; GLP‐1RAs inhibit NF‐κB and activate AMPK, suppressing IL‐6, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α [74,77,81]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is diabetes mellitus.