ESR1 and rheumatoid arthritis: A 2023 systematic review reported significant reductions in ESR and CRP with curcumin versus control in RA, with heterogeneity similar in magnitude to that observed here.[26] An umbrella review published in 2025 that aggregated evidence across multiple health outcomes similarly noted significant reductions in ESR and CRP in RA, citing the 2023 RA meta-analysis as the primary contributor; the effect sizes were of comparable direction and magnitude to the present findings.[27] These corroborations increase confidence that the anti-inflammatory signal is not idiosyncratic to a single dataset.